Goals and Techniques for Teaching Reading
Instructors want to produce students who, even if they do not have complete control of the grammar or an extensive lexicon, can fend for themselves in communication situations. In the case of reading, this means producing students who can use reading strategies to maximize their comprehension of text, identify relevant and non-relevant information, and tolerate less than word-by-word comprehension.Before reading: Plan for the reading task
- Set a purpose or decide in advance what to read for
- Decide if more linguistic or background knowledge is needed
- Determine whether to enter the text from the top down (attend to the overall meaning) or from the bottom up (focus on the words and phrases)
- Verify predictions and check for inaccurate guesses
- Decide what is and is not important to understand
- Reread to check comprehension
- Ask for help
- Evaluate comprehension in a particular task or area
- Evaluate overall progress in reading and in particular types of reading tasks
- Decide if the strategies used were appropriate for the purpose and for the task
- Modify strategies if necessary
Exercise:
THE REAL THING?
One of the most successful commercial products ever launched is said to have come about as the result of a mistake. In 1896, Jacob’s Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, was selling a nerve tonic known as ‘French Wine Cola – Ideal Nerve Tonic’. By accidentally adding fizzy water instead of still water to the recipe, a pharmacist called John S. Pemberton invented what has today become the most popular soft drink in the world: Coca-Cola. Along with its closest rival – Pepsi – which appeared on the market three years later, Coke has enjoyed phenomenal success worldwide, particularly in the past fifty years. Indeed, old Coke bottles and ‘limited edition’ cans can often fetch considerable sums from collectors, and there are even stores which deal exclusively in Coke products and memorabilia.
What could possibly account for the amazing success of Coca-Cola? How has this combination of carbonated water, sugar, acid and flavourings come to symbolize the American way of life for most of the world? After all, even the manufacturers could hardly describe Coke as a healthy product since it contains relatively high amounts of sugar (admittedly not the case with Diet Coke which contains artificial sweeteners instead of sugar) and phosphoric acid, both of which are known to damage teeth.
1. In paragraph 1, ‘cans can often fetch considerable sums’ means the same as:
(A) Coke is quite expensive in some parts of the world
(B) collectors consider carefully how much they are paying for a can of Coke
(C) some collectors will only drink Coke in exclusive stores
(D) certain Coke cans are worth a lot of money as collectable items
2. ‘Coke has enjoyed phenomenal success’ paragraph 1 suggests the writer:
(A) thinks that the success of Coke is very strange
(B) believes that the success of Coke has been impressive
(C) rather disapproves of the success of Coke
(D) considers the success of Coke to be undeserved
3. In the last sentence of the passage the writer implies that:
(A) most people would like to live in America
(B) many people wish for a lifestyle like they imagine most Americans have
(C) drinking Coke reminds a lot of people of visiting America
(D) living in the United States is a bit like living in a dream
One of the most successful commercial products ever launched is said to have come about as the result of a mistake. In 1896, Jacob’s Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, was selling a nerve tonic known as ‘French Wine Cola – Ideal Nerve Tonic’. By accidentally adding fizzy water instead of still water to the recipe, a pharmacist called John S. Pemberton invented what has today become the most popular soft drink in the world: Coca-Cola. Along with its closest rival – Pepsi – which appeared on the market three years later, Coke has enjoyed phenomenal success worldwide, particularly in the past fifty years. Indeed, old Coke bottles and ‘limited edition’ cans can often fetch considerable sums from collectors, and there are even stores which deal exclusively in Coke products and memorabilia.
What could possibly account for the amazing success of Coca-Cola? How has this combination of carbonated water, sugar, acid and flavourings come to symbolize the American way of life for most of the world? After all, even the manufacturers could hardly describe Coke as a healthy product since it contains relatively high amounts of sugar (admittedly not the case with Diet Coke which contains artificial sweeteners instead of sugar) and phosphoric acid, both of which are known to damage teeth.
1. In paragraph 1, ‘cans can often fetch considerable sums’ means the same as:
(A) Coke is quite expensive in some parts of the world
(B) collectors consider carefully how much they are paying for a can of Coke
(C) some collectors will only drink Coke in exclusive stores
(D) certain Coke cans are worth a lot of money as collectable items
2. ‘Coke has enjoyed phenomenal success’ paragraph 1 suggests the writer:
(A) thinks that the success of Coke is very strange
(B) believes that the success of Coke has been impressive
(C) rather disapproves of the success of Coke
(D) considers the success of Coke to be undeserved
3. In the last sentence of the passage the writer implies that:
(A) most people would like to live in America
(B) many people wish for a lifestyle like they imagine most Americans have
(C) drinking Coke reminds a lot of people of visiting America
(D) living in the United States is a bit like living in a dream
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